ISLAMABAD/NEPAL: Indus Water Tower made up of vast areas of Himalayan mountainous range in Asia, that covers different geographical regions of Pakistan, India, Afghanistan and China, is one of the most vulnerable water systems due to the threats of Climate Change.
These were the views of well-known international water scientists who assessed the planet’s 78 mountain glacier–based water systems, including Himalaya mountainous range.
The scientists for the first time ranked these water systems in order of their importance to adjacent lowland communities, as well as their vulnerability to future environmental and socioeconomic changes.
These systems, known as mountain water towers, store and transport water via glaciers, snow packs, lakes and streams, thereby supplying invaluable water resources to 1.9 billion people globally—roughly a quarter of the world’s population.
The research, published in the prestigious scientific journal Nature, provides evidence that global water towers are at risk, in many cases critically, due to the threats of climate change, growing populations, mismanagement of water resources, and other geopolitical factors.
Research concluded that it is essential to develop international, mountain-specific conservation and climate change adaptation policies and strategies to safeguard both ecosystems and people downstream.
Globally, the most relied-upon mountain system is the Indus water tower in Asia, according to their research. The Indus water tower—made up of vast areas of the Himalayan mountain range and covering portions of Afghanistan, China, India and Pakistan—is also one of the most vulnerable. High-ranking water tower systems on other continents are the southern Andes, the Rocky Mountains and the European Alps.
To determine the importance of these 78 water towers, researchers analyzed the various factors that determine how reliant downstream communities are upon the supplies of water from these systems.
They also assessed each water tower to determine the vulnerability of the water resources, as well as the people and ecosystems that depend on them, based on predictions of future climate and socioeconomic changes.
Of the 78 global water towers identified including five most relied-upon systems from Asia Indus, Tarim, Amu Darya, Syr Darya, Ganges-Brahmaputra, from Europe are Europe: Rhône, Po, Rhine, Black Sea North Coast, Caspian Sea Coast, North America have Fraser, Columbia and Northwest United States, Pacific and Arctic Coast, Saskatchewan-Nelson, North America-Colorado and South America relied on South Chile, South Argentina, Negro, La Puna region, North Chile etc.
The study authored by 32 scientists from around the world was led by Prof. Walter Immerzeel and Dr. Arthur Lutz of Utrecht University, longtime researchers of water and climate change in high mountain Asia.
“What is unique about our study is that we have assessed the water towers’ importance, not only by looking at how much water they store and provide, but also how much mountain water is needed downstream and how vulnerable these systems and communities are to a number of likely changes in the next few decades,” said Immerzeel Lutz added, “by assessing all glacial water towers on Earth, we identified the key basins that should be on top of regional and global political agendas.”
Arun B Shrestha, who leads the River Basins and Cryosphere Programme at International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD), as well as co-author of the report, said “Taking forward the findings of the Hindu Kush Himalaya Assessment report, this study showcases the vulnerability of river basins that are fed by mountain catchments. The study has found the Hindu Kush Himalaya (HKH) river basins to be increasingly vulnerable, and implies the need of global attention to build resilience in these basins.”
Likewise, Santosh Nepal, water and climate specialist at ICIMOD, and also a co-author highlighted, “Four out of the five most relied-upon and vulnerable water towers in all of Asia are located in the HKH region. Even when we assess at a global scale, the Indus in particular is one of the most critical and vulnerable water towers in the world. This is something the region as a whole needs to take seriously and work on addressing collectively.”
This research was supported by National Geographic and Rolex as part of their Perpetual Planet partnership, which aims to shine a light on the challenges facing the Earth’s critical life-support systems, support science and exploration of these systems, and empower leaders around the world to develop solutions to protect the planet.
“Mountains are iconic and sacred places around the world, but the critical role they play in sustaining life on Earth is not well understood,” said Jonathan Baillie, executive vice president and chief scientist at the National Geographic Society.
This research will help decision-makers, on global and local levels, prioritize where action should be taken to protect mountain systems, the resources they provide, and the people who depend on them.
ICIMOD is a regional knowledge development and learning centre serving the eight regional member countries of the Hindu Kush Himalaya (HKH) – Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, India, Myanmar, Nepal, and Pakistan – based in Kathmandu, Nepal. Globalization and climate change have an increasing influence on the stability of fragile mountain ecosystems and the livelihoods of mountain people.
Read more: Pakistan taking bold steps on Climate Change challenges: UN
What will we be drinking in years to come?
The solution is only to preserve and store the water resources with building Dams and control the environment to maintain the climate change in positive……..